# Như đã nêu: as mentioned above in Vietnamese (C1)

> Như đã nêu means "as stated", and it points the reader back to something said earlier in the same text.

Source: https://vietnamesebuddy.com/grammar/nhu-da-neu/ · Updated 2026-10-17

**as mentioned above**

Pattern: `Như đã nêu / Như đã trình bày (ở trên), …`

Level: C1 (our estimate) · Register: academic · Medium: written

Typed without accents: nhu da neu

Variants:

- nêu trên
- đã đề cập

*Như đã nêu* means "as stated", and it points the reader back to something said earlier in the same text. It opens a sentence: *Như đã nêu ở trên, mẫu khảo sát còn nhỏ.* As stated above, the survey sample is still small. *Như đã trình bày* (as set out) and *như đã đề cập* (as mentioned) do the same job; *trình bày* suits a longer argument, *đề cập* a passing mention. Add *ở trên* (above), *ở phần 2* (in section 2) or *ở chương trước* (in the previous chapter) to say where.

These openers belong to university papers, theses and long reports. They let a writer pick up a thread without repeating the whole point.

The short form *nêu trên* goes after a noun and means "the above-mentioned": *các trường hợp nêu trên* (the cases mentioned above), *vụ việc nêu trên* (the incident mentioned above). This one is everywhere: news reports, decrees, official letters. *Nói trên* is a common equivalent: *vụ việc nói trên*. It's the easiest of the group to start using in your own writing.

To point forward instead, writers use *sau đây*, *dưới đây* or *như sau*.

In conversation, nobody says *như đã nêu*. People say *như tôi nói hồi nãy* (as I said earlier); in Hà Nội, *như tôi nói lúc nãy*.

## Examples

- Như đã nêu ở trên, quy mô mẫu của nghiên cứu còn hạn chế. — As stated above, the study's sample size is limited.
- Như đã trình bày ở Chương 2, khung lý thuyết gồm ba yếu tố chính. — As set out in Chapter 2, the theoretical framework has three main components.
- Cơ quan chức năng đang xác minh, làm rõ vụ việc nêu trên. — The authorities are investigating the incident mentioned above.
- Các trường hợp nêu trên được miễn nộp lệ phí. — The cases listed above are exempt from the fee.

## Compare

- [The following, below: sau đây, dưới đây](https://vietnamesebuddy.com/grammar/sau-day/): the following
- [Referring back to a matter: điều đó, việc này, chuyện đó](https://vietnamesebuddy.com/grammar/dieu-do-that-matter/): that (fact just mentioned)

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