Less … than: kém / ít … hơn

less … than

Pattern: [A] + kém / ít + [adjective] + hơn + [B]

B1 · estimate

Typed without accents: kem … hon, it … hon

Kém or ít before an adjective, with hơn after it, means "less … than": Mẫu này kém bền hơn mẫu cũ. This model is less durable than the old one. Đi xe buýt ít tốn kém hơn đi taxi. The bus costs less than a taxi. These are mostly written: reviews, reports, the news.

Kém hơn on its own means "worse, weaker, lower": Năm nay doanh thu kém hơn năm ngoái. Sales are lower this year than last. Đội mình chơi kém hơn. Our team played worse.

In conversation, people rarely say "less" this way. They use không … bằng (not as … as): Cái này không mắc bằng cái kia. This one isn't as expensive as that one. Or they take the opposite adjective with hơn: rẻ hơn, cheaper, rather than ít mắc hơn.

For age, kém is the opposite of hơn: Em kém chị ba tuổi, I'm three years younger than you. In speech you'll also hear nhỏ hơn: Em nhỏ hơn chị ba tuổi.

Examples

Highlighted words are what Saigon and Hà Nội say differently.

  • Mẫu này kém bền hơn mẫu cũ.

    This model is less durable than the old one.

  • Đi xe buýt ít tốn kém hơn đi taxi.

    Taking the bus costs less than taking a taxi.

  • Năm nay doanh thu kém hơn năm ngoái.

    Sales are lower this year than last year.

  • Saigon

    Cái này không mắc bằng cái kia.

    Hà Nội

    Cái này không đắt bằng cái kia.

    This one isn't as expensive as that one.

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