Including: kể cả

including

Pattern: [statement], kể cả + [noun]

B1 · estimate

Typed without accents: ke ca

Kể cả means "including": it adds someone or something the listener might not count in. It usually comes after the main statement, with a comma: Cả nhà đi Đà Lạt, kể cả bà ngoại. The whole family went to Đà Lạt, including Grandma. Quán mở cửa mỗi ngày, kể cả chủ nhật. The shop is open every day, Sundays included.

At the start of a sentence, it means "counting": Kể cả em thì lớp có mười người. Counting me, there are ten people in the class.

With cũng (also) before the verb, kể cả means "even": Kể cả sếp cũng không biết chuyện này. Even the boss doesn't know about this. Here it's close to ngay cả … cũng.

Its opposite is trừ (except): Ai cũng đi, trừ anh Nam. Everyone's going except Nam. For what a price or a package includes, Vietnamese usually says bao gồm: Giá phòng bao gồm bữa sáng. The room price includes breakfast. Kể cả is for people and things you count in, in speech as well as writing.

Examples

  • Cả nhà đi Đà Lạt, kể cả bà ngoại.

    The whole family went to Đà Lạt, including Grandma.

  • Quán mở cửa mỗi ngày, kể cả chủ nhật.

    The shop is open every day, Sundays included.

  • Kể cả em thì lớp có mười người.

    Counting me, there are ten people in the class.

  • Kể cả sếp cũng không biết chuyện này.

    Even the boss doesn't know about this.

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