do

because of · by

A2 · estimate

Meanings

Highlighted words are what Saigon and Hà Nội say differently.

  1. because of

    conjunction

    due to, because of, because

    The news and notices use it where speech says vì. In conversation it lives on in là do, 'it's because of'.

    A2Grammar: Due to, because (formal): do

  2. by

    preposition

    Names who made or did something: Bài này do chị Lan viết.

    A2to recognize

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