Describing words come after the noun: nhà lớn, not lớn nhà

adjective after noun

Pattern: [noun] + [adjective] · [noun] + [noun modifier]

A1 · estimate

A describing word comes after the noun it describes, the opposite of English: nhà lớn (a big house, literally "house big"), áo trắng (a white shirt), cà phê đen (black coffee). A word like rất (very) stays with it: một quán rất ngon (a really good place to eat).

A noun can describe another noun in the same way, and it goes second too: cơm gà (chicken rice), bánh mì thịt (a bánh mì with meat), nhà hàng Việt Nam (a Vietnamese restaurant). The thing comes first, then what kind it is.

Words of amount are different. Numbers, nhiều (many) and ít (few) go before the noun: hai cái áo trắng, nhiều quán ngon.

Watch for one change. Nhà lớn is usually "a big house". Once này (this) or a name closes off the noun, a describing word after it becomes the statement: Nhà này lớn. This house is big. No là is needed. To keep it a description, put it before này: cái áo trắng này (this white shirt), but Cái áo này trắng. This shirt is white.

A few words borrowed from Chinese go before the noun, like tân (new) in tân sinh viên (first-year student), but they're rare in everyday speech.

Examples

Highlighted words are what Saigon and Hà Nội say differently.

  • Anh uống cà phê đen hay cà phê sữa?

    Do you drink black coffee or coffee with milk?

  • Tôi muốn mua một cái áo trắng.

    I want to buy a white shirt.

  • Saigon

    Nhà em ở trong một hẻm nhỏ.

    Hà Nội

    Nhà em ở trong một ngõ nhỏ.

    My place is down a small alley.

  • Đây là một quán ăn rất ngon.

    This is a really good place to eat.

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